Linux下在CentOS5的VPS环境中安装OpenVPN,100%成功的方法 [完美修正]

SSH登陆VPS,我的系统是32的CentOS 5.4,如果用别的Linux发行版也差不多,有些命令需要修改下就是了。

OpenVPN需要TUN支持,大多数VPS默认都没有开启,你可以用这个命令检测: cat /dev/net/tun

如果返回信息为: cat: /dev/net/tun: File descriptor in bad state 说明正常,否则发个ticket给VPS公司让他们帮忙开吧。

另外如果你需要连上OpenVPN后能访问互联网,还需要iptables_nat模块支持,用这个命令检测:
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o venet0 -j MASQUERADE

如果返回信息为:iptables: Unknown error 4294967295 说明正常,否则同样需要发个ticket让VPS公司帮忙开通。

环境准备好之后,我们正式开始安装OpenVPN了。网上的教程绝大多数都是用源代码编译方式安装的,但我觉得这种方式不便于以后升级维护,这里我们使用yum来安装。

默认情况下centos的yum源没有OpenVPN的,先安装EPEL这个东西,使用命令:
rpm -Uvh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-3.noarch.rpm

成功后yum源里面就有OpenVPN了,直接使用命令 yum -y install openvpn

这里就体现了yum安装的好处,比如OpenVPN需要lzo支持,安装的时候会检测系统,没有的组件会自动安装进去。

我们来找一下安装到哪去了,使用命令: locate easy-rsa # 可能有些版本无法执行,但文件位置不变

找出来了原来在这里: /usr/share/openvpn/easy-rsa 大家应该都是一样的。

我们把easy-rsa这个文件夹移出来,用命令: cp -R /usr/share/openvpn/easy-rsa /etc/openvpn/

然后 cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0 进入,生成OpenVPN需要的证书。

用 vi vars 来编辑环境变量,这里涉及到编辑器vi的用法,不会用就自己google一下。

把最后几行根据实际情况修改:

export KEY_COUNTRY="CN"
export KEY_PROVINCE="GD"
export KEY_CITY="GZ"
export KEY_ORG="Black Net Empire"
export KEY_EMAIL="webmaster [at] x.com"

保存后运行 让设置生效
. vars
source vars
./clean-all #清理旧文档

接下来运行 ./build-ca server 创建证书颁发机构。

Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
........................++++++
....++++++
writing new private key to 'ca.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:回车
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:回车
Locality Name (eg, city) [GZ]:回车
Organization Name (eg, company) [Black-Xstar Net Empire]:回车
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:回车
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) [Black-Xstar Net Empire CA]:回车
Name []:回车
Email Address [[email protected]]:回车

注意红色的地方,需要按回车的。

创建CA之后来生成服务器证书,输入./build-key-server server

Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
...++++++
...............++++++
writing new private key to 'server.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:回车
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:回车
Locality Name (eg, city) [GZ]:回车
Organization Name (eg, company) [Black-Xstar Net Empire]:回车
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:回车
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) [server]:回车
Name []:回车
Email Address [[email protected]]:回车

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:回车
An optional company name []:回车
Using configuration from /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
countryName RINTABLE:'CN'
stateOrProvinceName RINTABLE:'GD'
localityName RINTABLE:'GZ'
organizationName RINTABLE:'Black-Xstar Net Empire'
commonName RINTABLE:'server'
emailAddress :IA5STRING:'[email protected]'
Certificate is to be certified until Nov 18 17:25:15 2019 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y

1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

同样注意红色字的部分,是需要人工输入的。

服务器证书生成完了,我们来生成客户端证书,理论上每个OpenVPN用户都有独立的证书,我们先来生成一个试试。

输入命令: ./build-key client1 ,这里的client1是客户端名称,如果第二个就是client2了。

Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
.......++++++
.........++++++
writing new private key to 'client1.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:回车
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:回车
Locality Name (eg, city) [GZ]:回车
Organization Name (eg, company) [Black-Xstar Net Empire]:回车
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:回车
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) [client1]:回车
Name []:回车
Email Address [[email protected]]:回车

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:回车
An optional company name []:回车
Using configuration from /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
countryName RINTABLE:'CN'
stateOrProvinceName RINTABLE:'GD'
localityName RINTABLE:'GZ'
organizationName RINTABLE:'Black-Xstar Net Empire'
commonName RINTABLE:'client1'
emailAddress :IA5STRING:'[email protected]'
Certificate is to be certified until Nov 18 17:31:21 2019 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y

1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

注意红色字的部分,和上面生成服务器证书差不多。

最后生成Diffie Hellman参数: ./build-dh ,这个需要一点时间的。

完成上面的过程后,把 /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys 里面的东西下载回来。

接下来我们开始配置OpenVPN了,我的配置文件只是一个参考,可以根据实际情况修改。

然后 vi /etc/openvpn/server.conf 新建一个配置文件,输入下面内容:

port 1234
proto tcp
dev tun
ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/server.crt
key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/server.key
dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/dh1024.pem
server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
push "redirect-gateway def1"
push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8"
push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4"
client-to-client
keepalive 10 120
comp-lzo
persist-key
persist-tun
verb 3

其中DNS服务器地址可以换成主机商的,也可以和我一样用Google的免费DNS。
到这里为止OpenVPN就配置好了,接下来我们设置外网访问。

输入 vi /etc/sysctl.conf 开始编辑,找到net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0改成net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1保存。
然后执行 sysctl -p 这个命令(非常重要,如果不执行将无法通过VPN上网)。

输入 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source 1.2.3.4
添加规则,注意最后1.2.3.4改成你的VPS的IP地址。

完成后用 /etc/init.d/iptables save 保存iptables设置,然后 /etc/init.d/iptables restart 重新启动下。

把OpenVPN添加到开机启动,用 vi /etc/rc.local 进入编辑,在后面加入
/usr/sbin/openvpn --config /etc/openvpn/server.conf &
这一行。

需要在服务器上完成的操作到这里就结束了,输入 openvpn --config /etc/openvpn/server.conf & 启动。

和PPTP不一样,OpenVPN需要安装客户端才行,在
http://www.openvpn.net/index.php/open-source/downloads.html
下载最新版本的Windows Installer安装。

然后在下载回来keys文件夹里面找到ca.crt、client1.crt和client1.key这三个文件,放到C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\config里面。

同时在这里面新建一个名字为“client1.ovpn”的文本文件,输入下面内容:

client
dev tun
proto tcp
remote 1.2.3.4 1234
resolv-retry infinite
nobind
persist-key
persist-tun
ca ca.crt
cert client1.crt
key client1.key
ns-cert-type server
comp-lzo
verb 3

把第四行的1.2.3.4换成VPS的IP地址,然后保存。

在开始菜单里面找到OpenVPN GUI并运行,Vista和Win7下需要管理员身份运行。点Connect后等一下,是不是成功连上去了?

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